Human responsibility
AI tools cannot qualify as authors or co-authors. Human authors remain responsible for accuracy, originality, references, integrity, factual claims, and all final content.
Disclosure
Material generative-AI use in manuscript preparation should be disclosed transparently. Routine spelling or grammar assistance does not require the same detail unless a journal specifies otherwise. Journals may set stricter requirements.
Research evidence
AI must not fabricate references, results, datasets, participants, experiments, images, findings, or other material. AI-generated or modified material must not misrepresent evidence.
Confidentiality
Editors and reviewers must preserve confidentiality. Confidential manuscripts or reviews should not be uploaded to external generative-AI systems where this could disclose manuscript content, personal information, or protected information.